HELLO FRIENDS TODAY WE DISCUSS ABOUT SOME DISEASES...........

FIRST OF ALL WE DISCUSS ABOUT BACTERIAL DISEASES.

1. TYPHOID :-

                          

* It is caused by pathogenic bacterium Salmonella typhi.

* It is spread by contaminated food and water.

* It generally enters the small intestine and then migrate to other organs through blood.

   SYMPTOMS:-

(a) constant high fever (39* to 40*c).

(b) weakness 

(c) stomach pain

(d) loss of appetite

(e) constipation

(f) headache

(g) intestinal perforation and death may occur in severe cases.

Typhoid fever can be confirmed by widal test.

Mary Mallon, called Typhoid Mary was a cook and a typhoid carrier for many years who continued to spread the disease for several years through her prepared food.

2. PNEUMONIA:-

It is caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA and HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE .

* They infect alveoli (air filled sacs) of the lungs where the alveoli get filled with a fluid resulting in the decrease of respiratory efficiency of the lungs.

* Common symptoms include fever, cough, headache, lips and finger nails turn grey to bluish coloured.

* Infections acquired by- inhaling droplets/aerosol from infected persons and sharing glasses and utensils, etc., with an infected person.

 NOW WE DISCUSS ABOUT VIRAL DISEASES.

   COMMON COLD :-

* It is caused by a group of viruses called RHINO VIRUS.
* These viruses infect the nasal epithelium and respiratory passage but not the lungs.
* Its symptoms include :
(a) Nasal congestion and discharge
(b) Sore throat 
(c) Hoarseness
(d) Cough
(e) Headache
(f) Tiredness.

* Its attack lasts for about 3-7 days.
* It spreads by :
(a) Contaminated objects like pens, books, cups, etc.
(b) Cough and sneezing droplets from an infected person.

 NOW WE DISCUSS ABOUT PROTOZOANS DISEASES.

1. MALARIA :-

* It is caused by a protozoan, Plasmodium.
* Different species of Plasmodium (P.vivax, P.malaria, P.falciparum) are responsible for different types of malaria.
* P.falciparum is the most serious and fatal malignant malaria.
* Plasmodium enters the human body the bite of female anopheles mosquito (vector) that transfers the sporozoites of Plasmodium.

2. AMOEBIC DYSENTERY (AMOEBIASIS)

* It is caused by an intestinal endoparasite, Entamoeba histolytica found in large intestine of humans.
* Housefly acts as mechanical carrier and transmits the parasite from faeces of infected person to the food.
* Infection takes place through contaminated food and water.

   SYMPTOMS :- 
(a) Abdominal pain 
(b) Constipation 
(c) Cramps
(d) Stool with excess mucous and blood clots, etc.

  NOW WE DISCUSS ABOUT FUNGAL DISEASES.

 RING WORMS :-

* It is caused fungi like Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton.
* Human infection occurs either through contact with an infected person or from soil. It also spreads through towels, clothes, combs, etc., of the infected persons.

     SYMPTOMS :-
1. Dry and scaly lesions on skin, nails and scalp
2. Lesions are accompanied by itching.


   NOW WE DISCUSS ABOUT HELMINTHIC DISEASES.

1. ASCARIASIS :-

* It is caused by an intestinal endoparasite of man, Ascaris lumbricoides commonly called roundworm.
* Its symptoms include :
(a) Abdominal pain
(b) Indigestion
(c) Internal bleeding 
(d) Muscular pain
(e) Fever 
(f) Anaemia 
(g) Nausea and Headache
(h) Blockage of the intestinal passage.
* Infection takes place through contaminated vegetables, fruits and water.

2. FILARIASIS/ ELEPHANTIASIS :-

* It is caused by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI and WUCHERERIA MALAYI (filarial worm).
* They normally cause inflammation of the organs in which they live for many years.
*They normally affect the lymph vessels of the lower limbs by blocking them resulting the swelling of legs, these look like legs of elephants so called leading to gross deformation of the organ.
* Female Culex mosquito is the vector.








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               BY :-  PRIYAAS BHATT